都說(shuō)“長(zhǎng)江后浪推前浪”，隨著智能制造的風(fēng)靡，越來(lái)越多的自動(dòng)化裝備如雨后春筍般不斷涌現(xiàn)。如今市場(chǎng)上似乎已經(jīng)看不到傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床的身影，基本都被數(shù)控機(jī)床所替代，很多傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床都已進(jìn)入博物館，或成為象征性的一種物件。隨著時(shí)間的齒輪不停轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床會(huì)在將來(lái)被完全淘汰嗎？
機(jī)床距今已有幾百年發(fā)展歷史，在這樣一個(gè)新舊更換的歲月中，不斷有機(jī)床被時(shí)代所淘汰。然而一直到今天，很多工廠內(nèi)還是有一些傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床在不斷發(fā)光發(fā)熱。筆者曾在走訪機(jī)床企業(yè)的時(shí)候詢問(wèn)過(guò)很多公司負(fù)責(zé)人為何依舊在使用傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床，得出來(lái)的回答大致如下：
With the popularity of intelligent manufacturing, more and more automatic equipment are springing up like mushrooms after a spring rain. Nowadays, there seems to be no traditional machine tools in the market, which are basically replaced by CNC machine tools. Many traditional machine tools have entered museums or become symbolic objects. Will traditional machine tools be completely obsolete in the future as the gears of time keep turning?
一、傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床價(jià)格便宜
對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，控制生產(chǎn)成本是極為重要的。很多傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床特別是車床，同樣的功率，數(shù)控車床光購(gòu)置費(fèi)一項(xiàng)就要比普通車床貴好幾倍，后期的維護(hù)、維修、配套耗材等費(fèi)用也高出許多。雖然目前數(shù)控機(jī)床正在不斷取代傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床，但傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床便宜實(shí)惠的優(yōu)勢(shì)還是無(wú)法被取代的，所以說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床在短期內(nèi)很難被徹底淘汰。
Machine tools have developed hundreds of years ago. In such a period of changing old and new, machine tools are being eliminated by The Times. Today, however, many factories still have some traditional machine tools that glow and glow. When I visited machine tool enterprises, I asked many company leaders why they still use traditional machine tools. The answers were as follows:
二、傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床更適用于小規(guī)模加工和零件二次修改
在需要生產(chǎn)某些小批量的零件時(shí)，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床的優(yōu)勢(shì)就體現(xiàn)出來(lái)了。大部分熟練工人只需要看到零件的圖紙，就能通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床將該零件加工出來(lái)，可以說(shuō)是“一竅通則百竅通”。
Traditional machine tools are cheap
It is very important for enterprises to control production cost. Many traditional machine tool lathe, in particular, the same power, numerical control lathe light purchase expense a is several times more expensive than ordinary lathe, maintenance, repair, in the late supporting material is also much more fees. Although the CNC machine tool is constantly replacing the traditional machine tool, but the advantage of cheap traditional machine tool cannot be replaced, so it is hard to eliminate the traditional machine tool completely in the short term.
如今的機(jī)床用戶更多的喜歡“定制化”這個(gè)詞，這也對(duì)生產(chǎn)機(jī)床的廠家提出了更高要求。在生產(chǎn)這類機(jī)床時(shí)，由于零件都是定制化產(chǎn)品，很多時(shí)候需要工人對(duì)加工出來(lái)的零部件進(jìn)行二次修改，如果此時(shí)再去用數(shù)控機(jī)床編程的話，未免過(guò)于浪費(fèi)時(shí)間精力。很多老師傅直接通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的加工，零件就能被使用了，這是很多廠家保留傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床的重要原因之一。
2. Traditional machine tools are more suitable for small-scale processing and secondary modification of parts
The advantage of traditional machine tools is demonstrated when some small batch parts are needed. Most skilled workers only need to see the drawings of the parts to process them through traditional machine tools.
三、數(shù)控編程人員薪資高，人才難招
與如今的很多自動(dòng)化設(shè)備甚至激光設(shè)備相比，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床只需要手工操作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)依然被很多老師傅所擁護(hù)。因?yàn)椴⒉皇敲總€(gè)工人都會(huì)編程的，對(duì)于企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)控編程人員往往需要更高的薪資，并且數(shù)控系統(tǒng)很多種，要找一個(gè)精通數(shù)控機(jī)床的操作員難度顯然要比找一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)床工人高。
Third, nc programmers pay high salaries, talent difficult to recruit
Compared with many automation equipment and even laser equipment nowadays, the advantage that traditional machine tools only need manual operation is still supported by many old masters. Because not every worker, programming for enterprise controller, CNC programmers often need higher wages, and many kinds of CNC system, hard to find a master the nc machine tool operator obviously is higher than workers looking for a traditional
四、企業(yè)投入成本問(wèn)題
雖然如今數(shù)控機(jī)床正不斷普及，但是對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，一次性投入大量資金來(lái)批量更換設(shè)備往往會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)造成很大的壓力?？紤]到企業(yè)資金周轉(zhuǎn)、設(shè)備合理化使用等問(wèn)題，大部分企業(yè)都會(huì)選擇逐步更換數(shù)控設(shè)備，所以很多企業(yè)的廠房里都還會(huì)使用傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床進(jìn)行部分加工。
Iv. Enterprise input cost problem
Although CNC machine tools are becoming more and more popular nowadays, for enterprises, a large amount of one-time investment in bulk equipment replacement will often cause great pressure. Considering the enterprise capital turnover, the problem such as equipment reasonable use, most enterprises will gradually replace the nc equipment choice, so many enterprises in the
總結(jié)起來(lái)可以看出，雖然如今智能制造已經(jīng)成為制造業(yè)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)，但是在智能化設(shè)備普及的情況下，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床依舊有其自成一格的優(yōu)勢(shì)。筆者認(rèn)為，隨著以后數(shù)控機(jī)床智能化程度不斷提升，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床可能會(huì)被大面積替換，但要做到完全淘汰，就目前來(lái)說(shuō)還不太可行。
workshop are also use the traditional machine tool parts processing.
To sum up, you can see that although now intelligent manufacturing has become the trend of manufacturing industry development, but in the case of intelligent equipment popularization, the traditional machine still has the advantage of a hurry. The author thinks that with the continuous improvement of the intelligence of nc machine tools in the future, traditional machine tools may be replaced by large areas, but it is not feasible to completely eliminate them.
【此文章原創(chuàng)來(lái)自于158機(jī)床網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處】
